Global Governance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Global Governance - Research Paper Example The main issues on debate are the varying climatic vulnerability, varying costs of adaptation, highly technical science, extensive debate over burden sharing and the adjustment rules, and the basic normative disagreements over the development and environment priorities. Additionally, â€Å"any serious and concerted effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions necessarily entails measures that strike at the heart of the domestic policies of states, including energy, industry, transport infrastructure development, taxation, and pricing† (Reus-Smit, 82). Majority of the states consider any attempt to regulate or control their domestic matters as a violation of their sovereignty. Despite these challenges, most of the states have reached an agreement to minimize greenhouse gas emissions. It is important to note that the developed nations have accepted to take the initial practical strides in the reduction of emissions (Reus-Smit, 83). 20th century has witnessed enormous economic expan sion and two types of changes have accompanied the expansion; these changes have had severe consequences on the natural environment. The first change is the dramatic elevation in the consumption or utilization of the global natural resources (in particular, the renewable resources – freshwater, fish, air, forests, soils, and animal life). The rate of usage of these renewable resources by the humans has exceeded the limits of the sustainable yields. For instance, nonrenewable resources such as nonfuel minerals and fossils fuels were thought to be scarce but now they are regularly available. The second and the last change is the exponential growth of pollution. Pollution entails having in excess of something in the incorrect place. In appropriate amounts, most of the potential pollutants are useful. For instance, nitrates and phosphates are plant nutrients that are vital to life. However, the excess of these nutrients in the aquatic systems can lead to eutrophication (Haas and Speth, 17). Pollution is occurring in a larger scale worldwide; the condition is persistent and it is virtually affecting all things in the world. The combination of the above-mentioned two changes (large-scale pollution and high demands on the renewable resources) has led to the rise of the global threats the world is facing presently (Haas and Speth, 18). The response to the challenges has been the formation of environmental movements and environmental justice and human rights discourses (Pellow, 241). Debt is a thorny issue among the poor and developing nations. Majority of these nations have huge debts borrowed from the developed nations. Some of these nations are faced with many problems such that they are unable to pay their debts. In response to this situation, Bill Peters and Martin Dent formed Jubilee 2000 in 1996 and their main aim was to advocate for the forgiveness of the debts these poor nations by the developed nations. The basis of their advocacy is the biblical jubil ee. Dent and Peters indicated that most of these debts were tainted by inefficiency and historical corruption of the developing nations and they were aggravated by biased economic and political decisions of the creditor