The Effects of Male Pattern Baldness :: essays research papers

The wellbeing and prosperity of America’s kids and youths is in risk. presently and later on, is under danger. In 2002â€2003, research found that most human services issues originated from a preventable condition. the most pervasive youngster medical problems influencing kids are preventable: corpulence, dental infection, enthusiastic and conduct issues, harassing and learning delays. These issues regularly present as comorbidities. Overweight and corpulence influence about 23% of youngsters and teenagers in the United States, with 6% being obese.1 This figure has significantly increased contrasted with concentrates in the mid 90’s. Investigations of authentic datasets have additionally uncovered that the pervasiveness of overweight and weight in youngsters and teenagers multiplied over the period 1985â€1997, a far more noteworthy pace of increment than in the first 16 years.3 Wellbeing imbalances identified with overweight and stoutness are obvious. There is a higher frequency of overweight and corpulence in offspring of guardians of specific backgrounds,3 and maternal training is the most grounded social determinant of overweight and heftiness in childhood.4 Although there are constrained national information, and joined New South Wales, Victorian and National Nutrition datasets1 neglected to locate a provincial/urban contrast, Victorian epidemiological information show a measurably noteworthy, higher extent of overweight and stout young men in metropolitan regions, however this distinction was not found for young ladies (Ms K Hesketh, NHMRC PhD Scholar, Center for Community Child Health, Melbourne, VIC, individual correspondence). The wellbeing outcomes of overweight and heftiness are considerable, albeit Australian information stay indistinct in certain areas.5 At least in the United States, corpulence conveys more shame in youngsters than any physical inability, and this is obvious over all financial and ethnic groups.6 Issues of social acknowledgment, athletic fitness and physical appearance are notable to stout kids and influence their feeling of social and mental prosperity. Stout kids with diminishing confidence are bound to smoke and drink liquor contrasted and those whose confidence increments or remains the same.7 Obese kids and youths may likewise have a scope of ailments including hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and even sort 2 diabetes. Different issues, for example, musculoskeletal inconvenience, obstructive rest apnoea, heat bigotry, asthma and brevity of breath, enormously influence their lifestyle.8 Suggestions for the future can be accumulated from longitudinal investigations. Consolidated companion considers demonstrate that relative body weight is supported from adolescence to adulthood, and, when kids or teenagers are overweight or corpulent, their weight is probably not going to follow backwards.5 If this isn't adequate purpose behind concern, mirror that these investigations (of the drawn out outcomes of kid and pre-adult heftiness) were completely performed before the overall corpulence scourge created.

Early Religion Essay

Religion is something one of a kind to a man. It makes us not the same as some other creatures. These days, religion greatly affects man’s life. It one of the central point why man despite everything figure out how to make due in this brutal and unreasonable life. It encourages man to continue hanging on particularly in the midst of down. It is something man can incline toward. In any case, those religions we are associated today are not precisely the same religion in the early occasions. Indeed, even the least difficult religion has a mind boggling history without a doubt. Religions have created more than a huge number of years back because of its adjustment to natural changes, for example, social and environmental (Hopfe and Woodcraft, p. 15) In spite of the fact that archeologists and anthropologists have discovered remains and of antiquated individuals society, despite everything, confirmations for early religions were difficult to decipher. Compositions were not very many on the grounds that they don’t really write in their occasions. They favored vocal correspondence. Miserable to state yet these gave us constrained information on early religions. In any case, their specialties and images by one way or another gave little data about their religion. There was likewise transmission of fantasies starting with one age then onto the next. Anecdotes about gods’ relationship with man are basic to each religion. These accounts are fantasies coming clean about the religion. It assists man with envisioning theoretical ideas (Hopfe and Woodcraft, p. 25). Like each other religion today, early religion additionally has inception. After legitimate preparing, a man or lady will be started which fill in as the finish of their social attachment and individual satisfaction (Ellwood and McGraw, p. 31. ). Shamans have a major job in otherworldliness of early religion. They are accepted to have extraordinary forces like recuperating and going up against divine beings. Functions and ceremonies that went with chasing and assembling were additionally present (Ellwood and McGraw, p. 49). Early religion, even in some way or another have a great deal of distinction with today’s religion, have formed the lives of early individuals. Much the same as today, religion is a piece of their regular day to day existences. Whatever the distinctions they may have, religion despite everything have one valid justification for existenceâ€guidance to humankind. References: Ellwood, Robert S. what's more, McGraw, Barbara A. Numerous Peoples, Many Faiths: Women and Men in the World Religions, Seventh Edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. 2002 Hopfe, Lewis M. what's more, Woodcraft, Mark R. Religions of the World, Eighth Edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. 2001

Totally awesome

Totally awesome This is an entry I’ve been meaning to write for about a month because it’s about MIT students doing what they do best: Awesome stuff. Last April, a group of four sophomores, who are all incoming GEL students, won the OnStar Student Developer Challenge with their speech-recognition application, EatOn. This program helps drivers choose restaurants by offering descriptions, directions, ratings, and reservations. It can also let the user send a text message to invite friends or post to the user’s Twitter account! The contest was hosted by OnStar, GM’s in-vehicle operator, which includes navigation, diagnostics, security, and emergency features, and was open to students at Carnegie Mellon University, MIT, University of Michigan, University of Texas and University of Toledo. What’s the story behind their victory, you ask? Sarah and Marie are two course X (chemical engineering) students on the Cross Country and Track teams who took Engineering Innovation Design (EID), a class in the GEL program, together last fall. EID requires an individual and group project involving speech recognition, so that’s where Sarah and Marie learned a lot of the basics of writing prompts and designing this kind of system. The first time they heard about the OnStar Student Developer Challenge was when EID instructor, Blade Kotelly, mentioned it in class. A few months passed and then Sarah met Drew, a course VI (electrical engineering and computer science) sophomore, during UPOP (mentioned previously) over IAP. When a GM campus representative emailed GELs about the contest, Drew contacted Isaac, a fellow course VI sophomore, and Drew and Sarah went to the information session. In terms of group dynamics, these four melded together quickly and impressively. They said they experienced little trouble while working together, although it did take a lot of Saturday marathons of work since their schedules during the week were pretty hectic. Working on this project was “almost another class,” according to Isaac. The work itself started with an intense brainstorming period, which generated more than 30 ideas. “We just made sticky notes,” said Marie, who added that the premise for the restaurant app was “just one of the things on our super long list of things” they thought everyone could use. One issue they faced was the fact that there is no comprehensive list of restaurants they could simply copy, so they had to manually write in keywords to help the system recognize possible responses from users. In the end, they came up with 173 categories of food types (From reading this blog you all know I’m a foodie, so this number really makes me happy). But that’s not all. They also had more than 20 pages of state tables, which list the prompts and directions (for example, “end call” or “go to another page”) for every point in the speech-recognition program. To publicize their program, they named themselves “Team dreamON” and the system “EatOn” to be consistent with the OnStar brand. They also designed their own logo and website for the project.* From my discussions with the group members, it was easy to see the mutual respect they had for each other. “These guys are amazing,” Marie said about Drew and Isaac’s coding skills. The group balanced each other’s strengths and weaknesses, so while Marie and Sarah worked on the structure of the presentation using their experience from EID, Drew timed subtitles perfectly for the sample call, and Isaac, who “is apparently a pro at making powerpoints,” according to Marie, worked on the overall design of the slides. This Spring, Isaac and Drew took EID so they learned a lot of the important design elements along the way. A few days before their project was due, the group showed Blade their system. He suggested a lot of changes, so the group pounded out work for two nights before finally turning it in. As it turns out, the hard work paid off: The group was one of six finalists for the contest, which meant a free trip to California to present their system. When they finally practiced their presentation in front of Blade, his response was simply “â€"ing awesome!” This was their final green light before heading to the April 19-21 Where 2.0 Conference in Santa Clara. In California, the group set up a podium in their hotel room so they could practice even more. That night, they had dinner with the VP of OnStar and the contest teams and judges. Since their minds were still on Eastern Daylight time, they got up at 5:00 the next morning, so they practiced again before heading to the conference to watch the keynote address. Team dreamOn was first to present, which they treated as an advantage. The team agreed that watching all the other presentations was much more enjoyable without having to worry about their own. The other teams presented a variety of in-vehicle apps, including environmental and entertainment themes. A second group from MIT, also comprising of GEL students with EID experience, was also one of the finalists. That night, the results were announced, and team dreamOn was the winner! The group went out to dinner to celebrate, and got on a flight back to Boston, arriving on campus at the crack of dawn the next morning. The winners in team dreamOn: Marie Burkland, Drew Dennsion, Isaac Evans, and Sarah Sprague. The sophomores have been surprised by the amount of publicity from their win. The way Sarah describes it, they expected to get back to campus and continue on with life without anyone really giving attention to the contest. CNET, BostInnovation, the Boston Herald, and the MIT News Office all published articles about these sophomores winning the grand prize of Apple gear. Marie even got a message from a family friend in Michigan saying that she saw the group’s photo on the front page of GM’s newsletter. So what advice does this winning team have for you as you embark on future group projects? Here’s their list: Marie: Make sure you have a really good idea for your project. It has to be an idea you really like. Drew: Start early, and get a good group with opposite strengths so you can balance the workload. Isaac: Go for depth, not breadth. That is, focus on a few key features that work great rather than offering a whole array of less robust features. Sarah: Go the extra mile in your deliverables and presentations because you really want to make your project stand out since you put so much work into it. Additionally. design a really good logo for your project. *The phone number to EatOn is listed on their website, but it’s no longer functional since the contest is over. The features are demonstrated in a couple of sample calls on their site, though, and I really encourage you to look over their highly detailed documentation. In a word, it’s awesome.

Neutral Tones By Thomas Hardy - 1420 Words

â€Å"Neutral Tones,† a poem written by Thomas Hardy, is composed of four stanzas with each stanza consisting of four lines. The first and fourth line of each stanza rhyme, while the second and third line of each stanza rhyme. Each line is short enough to be spoken with a single breath, and the last line of each stanza is slightly indented. Both the tone and diction throughout the poem is consistently depressing. The theme of â€Å"Neutral Tones† is that love is not always what one would expect it to be. The theme is expressed as the speaker reflects upon a past relationship that did not end smoothly. The gloomy mood of the poem is immediately set in the first stanza. The opening sentence, â€Å"We stood by a pond that winter day,† provides details regarding the setting (1). The verb tense informs the reader that the speaker is reminiscing on a day that has happened in the past. Using the word â€Å"that† clues the reader in that the day being reflected upon was one of great importance to the speaker. Being that â€Å"winter† has a negative connotation as the depressing season, the tone is further set by mentioning the time of year; winter is lonely, frigid, and dormant. Using â€Å"winter† as the season sets the depressing tone for love to die similarly to how the leaves mentioned in the poem are also dying (3). The third line, â€Å"a few leaves lay on the starving sod,† showcases the death of the leaves which otherwise would be an ordinary event if it did not enhance the mood. The use of personificationShow MoreRelatedNeutral Tones by Thomas H ardy1653 Words   |  7 PagesNeutral Tones by Thomas Hardy (1867) Neutral Tones BY  THOMAS HARDY We stood by a pond that winter day, And the sun was white, as though chidden of God, And a few leaves lay on the starving sod;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ They had fallen from an ash, and were gray. Your eyes on me were as eyes that rove Over tedious riddles of years ago; And some words played between us to and fro   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On which lost the more by our love. The smile on your mouth was the deadest thing Alive enough to haveRead MoreAnalysis Of Neutral Tones By Thomas Hardy1056 Words   |  5 Pagesto be completely numb. Throughout the following poems â€Å"Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?†, â€Å"My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun†, â€Å"The Flea†, and Thomas Hardy’s â€Å"Neutral Tones† the authors all share their experiences about love, with a major emphasis on the hardships that come with love. In Thomas Hardy’s poem â€Å"Neutral Tones† written in 1867, he reflects back on his past and the lessons he learned from it. By portraying his sadness throughout the poem he pushes the readers to recognizeRead More An Analysis of Neutral Tones by Thomas Hardy Essay822 Words   |  4 PagesAn Analysis of Neutral Tones by Thomas Hardy      Ã‚   We stood by a pond that winter day, (1) This line indicates a still quietness, with lack of the movement of life. There is a vast difference in appearance and movement around a pond in winter and a pond in the midst of summer. This indicates no leaves, and no visible signs of life. The poet is painting a stark and lifeless scene. And the sun was white, as though chidden of God,(2) This is indicative of the modernist approach to lightRead More Comparing the poems Neutral Tones and Absence Essay2047 Words   |  9 PagesComparing the poems Neutral Tones and Absence Both the poems Neutral Tones by Thomas Hardy and Absence by Elizabeth Jennings mention and describe the poets feelings about losing their partners. Even though the general theme, the loss of love, is the same, many features such as tone, imagery, language and rhyme scheme differ from each other. Hardy emphasises more on his feelings towards his break up. He doesnt actually mention how he feels, but instead, the imagery he uses and theRead MorePorphyria s Lover And Neutral Tones1318 Words   |  6 PagesAt the most superficial layer, the speaker’s in both Porphyria’s Lover and Neutral Tones, written by Thomas hardy, both deal with loss. The tones in Neutral Tones seem to be indifferent, or Neutral. Porphyria’s Lover speaker ends up murdering his beloved at the end the poem. While this isn’t the case with the speaker in Neutral Tones, the two speakers are much more similar than we might think. The speaker in Neutral Tones doesn’t outright murder his lover, but there is a considerable amount of disdainRead MoreThomas Hardy Poems16083 Words   |  65 Pages ´C ´, â€Å"crass casualty† that creates a sharp angry yet satisfying tone. Personification is the device seen in this sonnet as it is seen at line 9,†joy lies slain† where joy is seen as a person being killed by an assassin, hence being slain. Line 12, time is personified as a gambler who throws a â⠂¬Å"moan† as he is throwing the dice in an attempt for it to land on happiness. The persona challenges god fiercely in an outraged tone, a sad tone is being detected in hardy’s witting because god is such a powerfulRead More Bitterness, Weariness and Impotence in Hardys Tess of the dUbervilles2873 Words   |  12 PagesBitterness, Weariness and Impotence in Thomas Hardys Tess of the dUbervilles In his novel Tess of the dUbervilles, as well as much of his poetry, Thomas Hardy expresses his dissatisfaction, weariness, and an overwhelming sense of injustice at the cruelty of our universal fate  - disappointment and disillusionment. Hardy argues that the hopes and desires of Men are cruelly thwarted by a potent combination of all-powerful Nature, fate, unforeseen accidents and disasters, and tragic flawsRead MoreJohn Keats s Poem, The Darkling Thrush1952 Words   |  8 Pageswith nature and its beauty. In John Keats’s poem â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale† he feels enraptured the moment he listens to the songbird and feels that beauty and love, as an embodiment of art, are imperishable having perpetual springtime freshness. As for Thomas Hardy’s poem â€Å"The Darkling Thrush,† he feels deserted and disappointed that his imagination could not detain him for long in its world, but is brought back to the world of reality, as he is able hear the bird joyf ully sing, but is out of touch withRead MoreLove and Death Poem Analysis2154 Words   |  9 PagesPOETRY – Poems about Love DIRECTIONS: Discuss the attitude/tone of the poem and the theme in your small groups. Afterward, write down your conclusions regarding the tone and theme of poems about a similar subject. |â€Å"The Quiet World† |â€Å"Flirtation† |â€Å"Song: To Celia |â€Å"love is more thicker than forget† |â€Å"Neutral Tones† | | | Read MoreLiterature Marking Scheme9477 Words   |  38 Pagesmust answer on one set text from this section: ** Thomas Hardy The following fourteen poems: Neutral Tones ‘I Look into My Glass’ Drummer Hodge The Darkling Thrush On the Departure Platform The Pine Planters The Convergence of the Twain The Going The Voice At the Word ‘Farewell’ During Wind and Rain In Time of ‘The Breaking of Nations’ No Buyers: A Street Scene Nobody Comes These may be found in Selected Poems, ed. Harry Thomas (Penguin). Poems printed in the paper will follow

A Unique And Forward Thinking Organization - 792 Words

I would like to introduce Taking Positive Steps Associates. A unique and forward-thinking organisation, spearheaded by Claudine Duberry an author and entrepreneur. Taking Positive Steps, delivers bespoke training services, which is supported by research to professionals, students and young people, designed to raise the awareness of the incidents, and affects of gang behaviour impacting on those from Black and Ethnic Minority backgrounds, and the wider communities. Taking Positive Steps also provides additional solutions to tackle the issue of gangs in schools consequential thinking, and divert children on the periphery of gang membership from getting recruited into a life of crime and under achievement. Notwithstanding this Taking Positive Steps is able to offer a holistic resettlement service to resettled offenders, which the government has recently termed as ‘Through The Gate’ Why is the Taking Positive Steps brand of services required in schools, colleges and universities?  § ONS unemployment figures indicate that around 628,000 youths were jobless in are jobless in the UK in September 2015.  § This data further indicated that 1.66 million were economically inactive (not in work and not looking or available for work).  § 50% of BME youths are unemployed in the UK  § BME exclusion rates in schools are proportionately higher than white students  § Afro-Caribbean males and other ethnic groups are underachieving at GCSE level. Many children who have beenShow MoreRelatedReview Of Related Literature And Studies Essay1585 Words   |  7 Pagescomprehensive approach in helping an organization transform from top to bottom. According to Delaney (2011), a transformation starts individually. It will become the foundation in building a healthy high-performance organization. After which, the team is the middle group that needs behavioral changed. These two, individuals and team, once aligned with the company’s mission and vision have now understand the thriving purpose of culture-shaping for high-performance organization. The above mentioned methodologiesRead MoreCorporate Level Strategy : Ralph Lauren s Reputation And Distinctive Image1046 Words   |  5 Pagesinitiatives. (â€Å"The Main Facets†, 2016). As a result, of their review, the company announced a turn-around plan that they named the â€Å"Way Forward Plan† to achieve horizontal growth. Horizontal growth is achieved by expanding operations into other geographical locations or by expanding the range of products or services offered in the existing market. (T, 2016). RL’s â€Å"Way Forward Plan† is designed to focus on horizontal growth by evolving its product, marketing, and shopping experience, by refocusing the companyRead MoreTalent Firms Success/ Failure1675 Words   |  7 Pagesand Firms Success/ Failure Prepared for GB 540: Economics Prepared by Amare Ayalew Student in Kaplan University Talent and Firms Success/Failure Talent is the main driving force for business success. Talent management is a process by which an organization identify, attract, manage, utilize, retain, develop and engage people to meet current and future needs (Mucha, 2004). Business need to understand and respond to their employees needs in the workplace. The completion to acquire talented workforceRead MoreReview Of Related Literature And Studies1438 Words   |  6 Pagescomprehensive approach in helping an organization transform from top to bottom. According to Delaney (2011), a transformation starts individually. It will become the foundation in building a healthy high-performance organization. After which, the team is the middle group that needs behavioral changed. These two, individuals and team, once aligned with the company’s mission and vision have now understand the thriving purpose of culture-shaping for high-performance organization. The above mentioned methodologiesRead MoreCuba And Its Effects On The World1328 Words   |  6 PagesJardà ­nes de la Reina in the south-central region of the country, established in 1996. The MPA is a no-take zone for commercial fisheries, and tourism is managed through minimizing the amount of tourism businesses in the area, partnering with research organizations, and enforcement of the government. A study published in 2014, showed that the creation of the marine reserve had â€Å"promoted significantly higher densities† of critically endangered species. The local communities around the reserve are also activelyRead MoreDiversity Of The Health Care System1635 Words   |  7 Pagessuccessfully maintained within the health care organization. As stated by B.E. Smith’s article Leadership Diversity: The Path to Value-Based Care, â€Å"Increasing the racial, ethnic, gender and generational diversity of health care leadership is essential for the provision of culturally competent, value-based care† (Citation 1). That is to say that diversity and the standards of culture that are upheld by the upper management levels within a healthcare organization is an absolute necessity that must be properlyRead MoreCompany Case 8- Samsung: from Gallop to Run735 Words   |  3 Pagesand increase effectiveness. Samsung uses the team-based approach when CEO Lee started the â€Å"new management† era. This strategy was utilized to make Samsung the premiere brand they wanted to be and to create a top-to-bottom strategy for the entire organization. Systematic new-product development is defined when the process is holistic and systematic rather than compartmentalized and haphazard. Samsung uses the systematic new-product development by investing heavily into the development of new, innovativeRead MoreCampbells Five-Viewpoints1079 Words   |  5 PagesCampbell essentially argues in his paper, â€Å"Beyond the Five-Paragraph Essay.† Campbellâ€℠¢s main idea that he reiterates and stresses over and over again; is that the five-paragraph formula doesn’t properly allow students to express themselves with their own unique voice through writing. The alternatives to the five-paragraph formula are better suited for students as they allow students to use as he stated, â€Å"their authentic, authoritative voices. Campbell sets the scene by showing how some teachers defendedRead MoreWhat Are Transactional Hr Responsibilities?857 Words   |  4 PagesScientific Method of management. Frederick Taylor started to recognize a relation between worker satisfaction and productivity. If employees were content, they would be increasingly productive. Taylor’s research was the discovery of current HR thinking, which shows matching the people to the work, appropriately training them for their job and providing incentives, workers will do the work as defined. This type of research led to labor unions and the Civil Service Commission. These entities improvedRead MoreA Customer Driven Organization Is The Most Important Mission And Purpose Of Every Business1242 Words   |  5 PagesA customer driven organization is one that listens to its customers and integrates customers into its business by providing customer focused solutions. It develops and uses customer feedback systems to keep abreast of their requirements and measure how well the organization is doing in meeting these requirements. A customer driven firm should continuously analyze its performance data and use that information to improve work processes and services delivered to customers. What did A.G. Lafley, ex

Woodland Indians Free Essays

Eastern Woodland And The Seven Years’ War The Eastern Woodland Indians mainly consisted of two major regions the Iroquois, which comprised of five tribes and added an additional a sixth later, and the Cherokee. The Indians in the Eastern Woodland nation lived East of the plains and all the way to the coast, Iroquois in North Eastern currently know as the Ohio area and Cherokee South Eastern currently known as the Tennessee and Georgia area. All Indians lived off the lands hunting, gathering, farming, and fishing all to survive. We will write a custom essay sample on Woodland Indians or any similar topic only for you Order Now Men constructed bows and arrows to hunt deer and smaller game, women cultivated garden plots gathering corn, beans, and tobacco. The Seven Years’ War or also know as the French and Indian war, the war was fought between Great Britain and France during the years 1756-1763. Warfare was fought in North Eastern America, involving Indians fighting on both sides aligning beside and against European militias. The outcome entailed the British winning the war and with the assistance of the Indians, the French withdrew and were conquered by British dominance. The central purpose for the Indians was to safeguard their homeland and preserve the land independent of foreign dominance. This is why the Seven Year’ War was a pivotal point in Indian civilization because they displayed that they could hold their North Eastern Land. War was eminent with the Indians fighting themselves and siding on different sides. The British constituently pushed for expansion invading the lands of the Iroquois. War and diplomacy involved Europeans and Indians engaging in negotiation to achieve peace trade and land through a diplomacy and not war. War for America the battle between Britain and France continued to propagate because the desire for more land. The Indians became antagonistic in defending their land from foreign invasion. The French assembled resistance with the assistance of Indians in an attempt to push the British out. In the year 1758 the British made peace with the Iroquois Indians. This agreement was made â€Å"Why don’t you and the French fight in the old country and on the sea? The Delaware’s asked. â€Å"Why do you com to fight on our land? This makes everybody believe you want only to take and settle the Land( Calloway) Why would the English â€Å"Wonder at our joining with the French in the present day war? † they asked; â€Å"were we but sure that you will not take our lands on the Ohio, or the West side of Allegiances hills from us; we could drive away the French when we please† (Calloway) Division between the tribal villages throughout the Seven Years’ War caused blood between the tribal communities. The Eastern Woodland Indians had two types of chief’s village and warrior. Most village chiefs were against war and blood bath and reasoned against fighting. Warrior’s chiefs had dissimilar viewpoints from the village chief’s, Warriors chiefs over threw decisions made by village chiefs. â€Å"Formerly the Warriors were governed by the wisdom of their uncles the Sachems,:† sad an Onondaga chief during the revolution, â€Å"but now they take their own way and dispose of themselves without consulting their uncles the Sachemes (Calloway). † Because of the warrior chiefs motives the Easter woodland were often consider bloodthirsty and savages when referred by the Europeans. The British completed an agreement with the Ohio Indians to protect their land from the French. The French fell week without the Indians assistance allowing the British to effortlessly overthrow the French. The British won the war in 1763. Due to the fact that the Indians knew that this â€Å"war was a contest for Indian land as well as for American independence† most of the Indians sided with the British in hopes to regain their land and freedom (Calloway). Nevertheless, with the threat of war absent, land pioneers and colonizers entered into much of the Iroquois territory, infuriating battles with the Indians. Under the Treaty of Fort Stanwix in 1768, the Iroquois ceded to New York all lands east of a line drawn southward. Johnson drafted that treaty and gained Iroquois support. I feel that the most pivotal point in the Woodland Indians occurred when they sided with the British and overcame the French and forced them out. If the Indians hadn’t sided with the British the American Revolution couldn’t of transpired. ? Works Cited Calloway, ed. , The World Turned Upside Down, 133-34. Calloway, Colin G. First Peoples: A Documentary Survey of American Indian History. Third ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2004. Print. Pennsylvania Archives, 1st series, 3 (1853), 548-49 Seneca And Onondaga quotes from Calloway, The American Revolution in Indian Country, 7, 59. How to cite Woodland Indians, Essay examples

IPhone Consumption Apple Advertisement

Question: Describe about the IPhone consumption Thesis statement-IPhone users should be aware of the issues that factories have 6 work cited sources. Answer: Introduction Despite Apples iPhone 6S being a tremendous hit, Apple seems to be drawing flak from communities. China is a significant supplier of iPhone and Apple products and manufactures them at its local plants. These privately owned plants require that a shift of 8 hours a day and five days a week doesn't meet the hiring requirements. The laborers of these plants work a minimum of 9 hours a day and draw many overtime hours to meet the required living expenses. The company had drawn criticism earlier, for failing to control labor exploitation, in the process of its product manufacturing. The recent allegation has been made by a China Labor watchdog, who claims that the working conditions are inhumane and unhygienic. The agency also argued that the workers live in cramped dormitories. The dormitories are unsanitary and offer the least privacy to its female workers. The people buying any product should be aware of the entire process of manufacturing. Low wages and Long working hours persists on iPhone factories in China Allegations and complaints about facilities on factories aren't new to Apple. The company had earlier been criticized by the technical community on working conditions prevalent in the manufacture of products(Ballew). The company had previously made attempts to sort out the problem. The frameworks and guidelines remained at large on paper but were never realized. The company now has policies to ensure proper auditing of the manufacturer's accounts. These steps were necessary, but still, there is a lack of proper implementation of the surveys and audits. The manufacturing plants at China thus take full advantage of the lax policy implementation and exploit its workforce to the maximum(Delin). An investigator associated with official China Labor Watchdog had made supportive claims to these allegations. The investigator said that the workers earn $1.85 USD per hour and push for additional overtime. The overtimes are necessary for the labor to enable them to pay for their living. The standard shift was 8 hours per day, but come September; the workforce works additional 20 hours of overtime per week(Workforce). The extra overtime is split between 2 extra hours per shift on weekdays and an additional ten-hour shift on Saturdays. After summation of the extra hours, the workers earn $753 in monthly wages. That aforementioned overtime hour was necessarily the minimum allowed overtime. The plant on which the report is based is the largest producer of iPhones in China. The manufacturing concern named Pegatron is located at Shanghai and supplies 30 percent of all iPhones in the world. How the United States did not survive on iPhone manufacturing American workers are the most educated, upon comparison with their counterparts working overseas. But people who culture technical learning say that the country has ceased to train sufficient workers in the middle-level skills that factories require. That has had a huge impact on the manufacturing sector of electronic goods. Until lately, Apple boasted of its American made products. But a current trend shows that almost 70 percent Apple products are outsourced from Asian countries. There are 40,000 employees in the US and 20,000 employees overseas who are directly employed by Apple. That's an absurd figure, but is true and is supported by the annual report of the company. Many additional workers are used by the manufacturers, and the amount runs up to 7, 00,000 workers, building and assembling Apple's products ("Incremental Innovation Brings Benefits, Argue Manufacturers"). Apple is a typical example of how products are increasingly being manufactured overseas. The sole notion that l abor is cheap overseas is not the only concern of Apple. But the main cause lies in the fact that overseas plants excel at higher degrees of flexibility, industrial skills, and diligence of foreign workers. These necessary skills have outpaced American workers by a significant margin. The outpacing margin is such large that it is no longer feasible and viable for the Apple products to be tagged as Made in U.S.A. It was the only option as per Apples spokesperson who said that the Chinese firms are the inevitable consequences of high global demand as they deliver with such exceptional speed and efficiency (Annual Report). Suicides, riots speak of impending violence at Foxconns iPhone factories The Foxconn is a leading supplier of iPhone and its associated products. The company has vast operations in several provinces of China (Bggild and Podlech 102-105). The company employs around a million employees in all of its plants. The manufacturing outlet in Taiyuan employed over 70, 000 people and was witness to a massive act of violence. Foxconn officially quoted this an escalation of the personal dispute. Apparently, that wasn't a personal conflict that involved more than 2000 workers running riot inside the factory premises. Chinese authorities are investigating the probable causes. The company had again stressed that the matter was not related to work but a personal dispute among multiple employees. News has constantly been pouring in about incidents that have been occurring at Foxconns plants. There had been reports of suicides by employees, two incidents of the explosion and constant reports of harsh working conditions by the plant (May et al.). The pay might be higher than other similar jobs in China, but the wage barely covers the rent of the dormitories in which the employees are made to reside. Managers rarely allow leaves and time off simply because many people can readily replace the noncompliant employee. But sources in Apple say that the company is highly dedicated to the cause of compliance of working standards. The company works around the clock, in providing scrutinizing measures and to ensure that the working conditions are not inhumane and derogatory in nature. The suicides and violence are not isolated but are entwined with the root causes still untouched ("Apple Advertisement" 103-103). Apple may audit the accounts and survey the workplace of their foreign manufacturers, but unless there are efforts from the private sector, this problem wont be resolved very soon enough. The ongoing crisis can only be resolved if Chinese regulatory authorities step their vigilance. Effects of Globalization and the ideology of Apple Inc. The effect of globalization resulted in increased global sales and revenue in the context of Apple Inc. The globalization has provided the grounds for Apple to shift their product manufacturing base to overseas (Boudreaux). The globalization has paved the way for Apple relying on the efficiency of the Chinese to hasten production. A company such as Apple has benefited at large due to globalization. Apple is a creative company, contrary to popular belief that Apple is a product based company. Apple often gives the product at minimum profits at slim costs. So the profit margin of the manufacturers is also highly constrained. So it is natural for the manufacturers to try and take every route possible to save costs and exploit labor. The ideology of Apple, in the beginning, was pure. The company believed that they need to develop an individual product in a single product segment that would ultimately become the leaders in that product segment (Venugopal 71). The ideology still holds true, and the company focused on developing consumer products of high-end ranges. The key strategy of the company is to focus on the quality and in-depth experience of the user. The company develops such a product that is high in self-esteem value and is more appealing than contemporary products. The price simply doesn't concern the customer who demands high-end technology fusion with amazing aesthetics, art, and beauty of the product. The customers are attracted towards the Apple's product because it increases their social stature (Franzak, Little and Pitta 123-127). The ideology of the company to keep it straightforward and efficient that would be pioneers in their segments paved the way for Apple's huge global success through succe ssive years. The product is the key to Apple's success through many years of operation. The product though is not being manufactured domestically but is being outsourced to overseas manufacturers to increase efficiency and flexibility in operations. iPhone 6 plus consumes double data than iPhone 6 The relatively large size of the iPhone 6 plus which is more similar to a tablet that consumes massive battery power. The phone consumes a lot of battery power in addition to drawing a huge data resource (Brackett). The users of iPhone 6 consume as much as relatively 50 percent fewer data than the users using the relatively larger iPhone 6 Plus. The report was first published by technology enterprise virtualization firm named Citrix. The data consumption fact was correlated by Citrix after surveying thousands of iPhone users. The users had to answer a questionnaire based on their iPhone using experience and rate the interactive score of the process. The users of the larger series 6 model complained of being unable to use the phone when wifi is not available. The phone has a relatively larger screen, which aids users in being able to view large sized windows. The larger screen size means more screen resolution which aids in further consumption of high-quality videos. That is the most accountable cause of this problem. The rate of data consumption is such that it is approximate twice the volume used by iPhone 6 users when viewing video content online (Soest and Hurd). The increased data consumption means an escalation of costs of 4th generation mobile data. The cost of mobile internet is significantly higher, as one goes up in the available bandwidth segments. The people would not like to be drained of their mobile data while viewing a few minutes of videos online (Jolly and Latifi 558). The sales of iPhone6 plus have resulted in the declining of sales of iPads. The probable cause of this phenomenon is that the iPhone6 Plus is almost the same size as an iPad. People want to achieve higher degrees of mobility at a lesser cost and less burden on the cumbersome activity of carrying an iPad throughout the day. The documented kitchens of the world, what the world eats An American photographer named Peter Menzel, and author Faith D' Aluisio had set out to travel the world together. In light of their journey, they set out to explore the contents of kitchens across the world. They wanted to venture into the kitchens of ordinary and general public and document their experiences. The duo had a particular purpose in mind; they specifically wanted to know, how much money a family utilizes in supplementing their diets (Adey). The traveler pair, after visiting many nations and ordinary households surveyed and enquired about the cost of food of families living in varying social and financial backgrounds. The travelers have set out on the journey to document the most primal of human behaviors- what a family eats. The name of their project is "Hungry Planet" and it gives a detailed account of how and what an average family eats in a given week. The project also took into account the cost of the weekly food budget. The travelers released their documented book Hungry Planet: what the world eats in the year of 2005. The book showcases average families featuring from 24 different nationalities. The family of Tingo, Ecuador who was called, the Ayme family was spotted and documented with a large stash of vegetables. The South-Malian Natomo family of Kouakourou province was seen posing on the terrace of their ancestral home with sacks of grains. The favorite food of the family of Madsen, Greenland according to an unambiguous decision by all members had considered polar bear meat as the most likable. They also said that they would prefer a mid-sized toothed whale or the skin of a narwhal (Goggin 231-244). The Hungry Planet gained popularity, and the portraits of the book were showcased by the Nobel Peace Centre to give viewers a look into the kitchens of the world. The paintings gave a sneak peek into the world of home cuisine all over the world, offering views of real kitchens from China to Kuwait, to Hong Kong to Mexico. Conclusion The world is an expensive place to live in nowadays. The ever increasing cost of food production to never dwindling effects of inflation has resulted that we start seeking alternatives to our current modes of operation or production. The sustainable and holistic development needs to be combined with efficiency in energy management and food production. The Apple Incorporated has taken necessary steps to regulate their ethical production, but very less has been physically achieved. To learn from the mistakes of the past, the human race needs to improvise and modify their life. The human race is an intelligent race, which has the capability to transform the world in any way possible. So it is the utmost responsibility of the smart race to aid in sustainable developmental practices. The organizations involved in the trading and profiting must treat their employees and workforce in a dignified manner. The companies must seek to deliver on the cause of corporate social responsibility. References Adey, Peter.Mobility. London: Routledge, 2010. Print. Annual Report. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 2010. Print. "Apple Advertisement".Computer45.5 (2012): 103-103. Web. Ballew, Joli.Iphone. Harlow: Pearson, 2013. Print. Bggild, Carl Egede and Steffen Podlech. "Significant Thinning Of The South Greenland Ice Sheet Margin".wea61.4 (2006): 102-105. Web. Boudreaux, Donald J.Globalization. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2008. Print. Brackett, Michael H.Data Resource Integration. Bradley Beach, NJ: Technics Publications, 2012. Print. Delin, Annie.Audits. London: Resource, 2003. Print. Franzak, Frank, Mike Little, and Dennis Pitta. "Product Development For A Stigmatized Segment".Journal of Product Brand Management17.2 (2008): 123-127. Web. Goggin, Gerard. "Adapting The Mobile Phone: The Iphone And Its Consumption".Continuum23.2 (2009): 231-244. Web. "Incremental Innovation Brings Benefits, Argue Manufacturers".The Pharmaceutical Journal(2013): n. pag. Web. Jolly, Vasu and Shahram Latifi. "Reliable Data Transmission In Mobile Ad Hoc Sensor Networks".International Journal of Mobile Communications5.5 (2007): 558. Web. May, Kyle et al.Apple. [Brooklyn, NY]: Clog, 2012. Print. Soest, Arthur van and Michael D Hurd.Models For Anchoring And Acquiescence Bias In Consumption Data. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004. Print. Venugopal, R. "Resource-Based New Product Development: Insights From The Small Car Project Of The Indian Company TELCO".IJATM5.1 (2005): 71. Web. Workforce. Columbia, S.C.: South Carolina Commerce, 2009. Print.

Labor Economy Generating Factors

Factors that affect labor supply Several factors affect the labor supply as evident in the survey results. Reflectively, equilibrium and transitional wage differentials offer a valid explanation for the elicit labor differential persistence in the labor markets as part of the supply constraint. Reflectively, homogeneous jobs and perfect competition within the labor market are critical in the labor supply matrix.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Labor Economy Generating Factors specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Ideally, workers will have limited option apart from changing jobs until optimal satisfaction is achieved through the creation of a theoretical balance characterized by identical wage payment across same industry. In this process, the labor supply is disrupted. However, in reality labor wage rate variances are persistent in both empirical and casual rates despite the theoretical balance. These variances are attributed to inconsistencies between casual and empirical wage rate reviews. Besides, nonwage factors, such as fringe benefits, job location, job status, wage advancement prospects, earnings regularity, and risk of death or injury in a job have substantial influence on supply decisions since they form part of wage differentials. Consequently, their intrinsic influence forms part of the overall wage differentials that are part of the generated labor supply effect. Market information placement is presented as another vital determinant of labor supply. Market information influences the behavior of the labor market, its efficiency, and optimal operation. Thus, imperfect and costly market labor information is a major contributor towards persistent labor differentials at the micro and macro levels of the labor market. Besides, when their effect is long term, then the outcome may assume the form of long-lasting differential wage imbalances that are transitioning from a period to anoth er. Consequently, wage structure immobilities such as institutional, geographic, and institutional may last longer than usual. Reflectively, these immobilities are clear indicators of differences in wage rates within a similar industry for workers with the same educational level, skills, and experience as indicated in the survey results. On the other hand, substitution and income effects also influence labor supply. In the process of changing occupation, the underlying decision science is the overall effect of the same on capital structure of a worker. Generally, the overall expected outcome is measured as a ratio of the total cost of investment on the relocation. For instance, transportation expenses, psychic costs, and forgone income during transition form part of the cost matrix in labor supply as indicated in the responses collected. Existence of patterns of wage differentials in the sample There is a consistent wage differential pattern in the sample. Specifically, this is as a result of mobility and their influence on labor market variables. The two major types of mobility are categorized as occupational geographical mobility. Reflectively, occupational mobility depends on labor units and the profession of the worker.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As a variation of the market labor mobility, efficiency in ‘allocative’ contributors is significant in balancing the distribution of labor units between low and high employment values as part of the wage differential matrix. Reflectively, the value of marginal product determines the regulatory effect on perfect competition and wage differential. The two components will swing until the regulator balances for employments sharing self efficiency on ‘allocativeness’ as part of the wage differential. However, this interaction holds in a labor market with perfect knowledge of all determinant variables operating in a similar employment industry. Due to similar experience, skills, and educational attainment, the wage rates are likely to balance as the regulator moderates the two determining variables in a constant mobility parameter. Despite the perfect regulation, several interacting externalities are identified as determinants of efficiency ease. As a result, these externalities are associated with minimization of gains realized on efficiency metrics. The worst case occurs when pecuniary externalities interaction with ‘allocative efficiency’ further minimize these gains. In different labor markets, wage differentials generate a recurring capital and product flows that interact concurrently to initiate an equalized balance on wages in the long term. However, the wage differentials are inconsequential, especially at the macro level of the labor market as indicated in the table below for each age group.      age   Wage Average as a rat io Age group 18 – 22 5    23 – 28 5    29 – 33 5    34 – 38 4.8    39 – 43 5    44 – 48 4.9    49 – 53 5.1 Reasons for wage differentials As noted in the survey, presence of unions offers solace to workers on bargaining for wages. Adopting efficient contract model, labor unions offer collective bargain opportunity for the two parties over employment level and wage rates. Since it is a flexible model, both the principal and the agent are given an opportunity to balance their offers before striking a compromise deal. For instance, the union can lower supply of labor, increase demand for labor and negotiate an equilibrium wage bargain for its members. Skills and experience are as important as the nonwage factors on wage differentials. In the ideal scenario, when there is a decisive crisis involving the review of wages in a production line, a rational employer would opt for increasing wages paid to highly skil led workers an employee retention strategy. The rate of wage increase will be higher for the highly skilled employers than what the low skilled counterparts eventually get as evidenced in the survey response. Efficiency of wage theories offers a better explanation of the above scenario.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Labor Economy Generating Factors specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These theories are based on the same notion that the higher turnover of labor units translates into higher wages paid, even though the ratio may not be proportional in perfect and imperfect labor markets. Besides, labor environments with limited quantifiable variables for reviewing performance are a recipe for high wages given to employees since the principal may not be in a position to measure efficiency of each labor unit against wage compensation. As noted in the survey, heterogeneous workers are responsible for the continuou s wage disparities for the group to compete on the nonwage aspects of work within varying stock capitals that are of human nature. Consequently, the quantifiable result would be unbalanced labor preferences within differing market consistency on every unit of labor. This is explained by the hedonic theory of wages to classify this form of interaction between workers that have wage preference variances when interacted with ideal job amenities of nonwage nature. The most likely effect would be the standard labor market’s inability to churn wage differentials that are sustainable for employees sharing similar capital stocks of human nature and counterparts with varying capital stocks of human nature. As a result, wage differential is skewed towards market demand. In summary, wage differences exist across employment due to job characteristics, such as compensating wage differentials, human capital, labor market discrimination, labor union, and incentive pay. Summary of Findings Question Data analysis   Explanation 1 Sex Female 19       Male 11                2 Age group 18 – 22 5       23 – 28 15       29 – 33 5       34 – 38 0       39 – 43 1       44 – 48 3       49 – 53 1                4 Marital status Unmarried 21       Married 9                5 Do you have children Yes 2       No 28                6 Level of education High school 6       Junior college 8       4yr college 13       Postgraduate 3                7 Are you a student Yes 14       No 16                8 Industry Service industry 27       Manufacturing industry 3                10 Employment status Part time 15       Full time 15                11 Number of hours worked ≠¤40 23       40 7                12 Wages ≠¤1000 12       1000wage2000 6       2000 12                13 Nature of job Dangerous 9 21    Risky 6 24    Undesirable 1 29             17 Training for the job Yes 16       No 14                18 Unionized Yes 3       No 17                19 Wage differential Yes 4       No 16                20 Other benefits with the job Yes 18       No 12                21 Opportunity for wage increase/promotion Yes 18       No 12                23 More wage Increase hours of work 17 To make more money    Same hours of work 9 Nature of job does not allow time adjustment    Decrease hours of work 4 More time for school, leisure and family             25 Less wage Increase hours of work 2 To make more money    Same hours of work 6 Nature of job does not allow time adjustment à ‚   Decrease hours of work 17 Less stress at work    Quit job 5                Theoretical Framework Justification Human Capital Theory Fringe benefits and wage earnings are identified as the main components of compensation summation. However, fringe benefits are apportioned a larger share in the total compensation matrix due to the fact that their influence was experiencing a consistent growth over the last decade in the labor market. These fringe benefits are classified as social security, unemployment compensation and employee’s compensation for every unit of labor given as indicated in the human capital theory. For instance, the wage differentials for different age groups studied average at 5. Since fringe benefits are rarely affected by age, the existing wage differential is negligible. In classification, these fringe benefits assume the form of insurance benefits, paid leave, and legally acquired benefits to a worker for every unit of labor delivere d against the revenue realized. Besides these, retirement benefits and savings are included in the summation of the fringe benefits accrued by a worker.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Labor Market Discrimination Theory Type and form of fringe benefits are never universal. Rather, they are influenced by the type of industry in which labor operates, ration and occupational groups as indicated in the labor market discrimination theory. This is due to the fact that governments and other agencies have introduced laws and regulations aimed at pushing for higher and reliable compensation. In most instances, the blue collar employees have a larger share of the legalities, construed benefits than their counterparts in white collar jobs. As indicated in the survey, those in white collar employment earn more than those in blue collar. On average, the white collar employees earn $2500 as compared to the blue collar employees earning an average of $1000 per month. Job Characteristics Theory In a bid to extrapolate this relationship, the Job Characteristics/Compensating Wage Differentials theory is a certain reason for the experienced growth over the sample space. Reflectively , the variables interacting within the parameters of this theory are leisure and income within the normal indifference curve. Consequently, the resulting interaction becomes flexible to different bundles of budget constraints that might be present at each level of computation. Further, this theory asserts that indifference curve is a product of various fringe benefits and wage rates that interact simultaneously to yield same utility level for each worker. When all other factors are held constant, higher swing of the indifference curve indicates higher levels of utility. Irrespective of the inclination of the indifference curve, it is apparent that levels of tax advantage determine the resultant fringe benefit accrued as shown in the survey. Specifically, to support this notion, the benefits accrued from pension plans are taxable upon confirmation of receivership by an employee. Besides, the principle, dividends and interest which are part of the summation of pensions, are best achie ved through pretax accumulation of the fringe benefits as indicated in the survey. On average jobs that demand higher skills attract more wages than those that demand low skills. The highest paid participant is the post graduate worker in a power plant who earns $7000 per month. Incentive pay theory The need for intrinsic substitution as a component of the decision science aimed at managing the fringe benefits are peculiar in labor economics. In such case, the foregone alternative would be forfeiting leisure related savings for health and pension needs which are characterized as basic for every worker. The adoption of this thought is influenced by the fact that basic needs are more critical than the secondary needs in the matrix of fringe benefits. Besides, the long term effects of purchasing the basic needs are greater than those of opting to acquire secondary needs upfront. Tax advantages to employers, scale of economies, and efficiency are major factors that led to the growth of fringe benefits. Therefore, as fringe benefits increase, the workers’ utility increased in the same ratio. In drawing the curve, the initial assumptions consist in the fact that the market operates within a normal profit margin in total employment and product market as part of the overall compensation effect per worker. Generally, substantial changes for each cluster of wages and benefits are negligible within the ‘employer’s isoprofit curve’. The same relationship functions in the Wage-Fringe optimum. As performance and pay interact in the labor market, there is a proportional relationship between performance and pay for each unit of labor given to a firm (principal) against the compensation offered as explained in the incentive pay theory. As indicated in the sample, those in marketing and technical fields earn more incentive than those in normal fields. The unbalance relationship between pay and performance may result in the principal – agent pro blem which might culminate in under utilization of labor units since the agent (employee) may opt to increase leisure through reduced efforts at work. In order to avoid this unwanted scenario, the theory proposes different forms of incentive compensation such as tournament pay, royalties, profits, and bonus plans. In most cases, employers control these incentives and limit them as a fraction of the total revenue after factoring the cost of production and each labor unit. When implementing these incentive plans, it is important to concentrate on personal performance bonuses as opposed to team bonuses, which promote a joyride attitude among workers since the process has no specific measure for distributing incentives. The firm can also opt for equity compensation under which employees are encouraged to take ownership of the firm in the form of stocks as supported by the incentive pay theory. Labor Union When implanting compensation plans, it is important for the firm to consider the e fficiency of each labor unit against the wage payments. These units should be quantified in line with performance targets and revenue accrued. In order to achieve this, introduction of regulatory agents, such as supervisors who work alongside the employees may be beneficial. As a result, the fractional reduction of labor cost per unit of the budget of an employer is referred to as the resultant wage efficiency metrics. This matrix is dependent on homogeneous labor inputs wages at market-clearing parameters and external forces like labor unions. As explained in the labor union theory, this agent often influence wage prices to be very sticky downwards. In the sample, the unionized employees reported stable income and structured employment contracts as pull factors into their respective fields. Conclusion In a perfectly skewed labor market, wages are supposed to be determined by the cost of production and total output. Transitional and equilibrium wage differentials explain the persist ence of eliciting labor differential. It is apparent that homogeneous jobs attract perfect competition in the labor markets. Therefore, workers would change jobs until a theoretical balance is created to make wages paid across identical. Interestingly, in comparing the casual and empirical wage rates, labor theories adopt an assumption that different wage rates exist and are generally persistent despite equilibrium due to factors such as the variances between empirical examination and casual review of wage rates. As identified in the survey results, nonwage factors such as fringe benefits, job location, job status, wage advancement prospects, earnings regularity, and risk of death or injury in a job have a substantial influence on supply decisions since they form part of wage differentials. As a result, their influence consists in determining the rate of wage differentials for generating the overall effect on the labor supply. The effects of market information on wage differentials are indicated as either positive or negative in the survey results. Reflectively, costly and imperfect market information is largely responsible for the existence of persistent wage differentials in labor market. In an ideal labor market, these imperfections and cost burdening information is a ladder towards the extreme wage rate ranges since their operation in the market is independent on the normal wage differentials. When their effect lasts longer than usual, the effect would translate into long-lasting wage differentials of a transitional nature. This term paper on Labor Economy Generating Factors was written and submitted by user Ella Salinas to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

NYSE and NASDAQ

NYSE and NASDAQ Executive Summary The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (NASDAQ) are the two largest exchanges in North America. These two attract not only the most prominent exchange traders in the United States of American but also have the most number of equities in the country.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on NYSE and NASDAQ specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is a known fact that hundreds of companies in the US prefer to trade their stocks with well established exchanges (Cootner, 1964). The long experience of both the NYSE and the NASDAQ in this sector makes them reliable. They have efficient systems and personnel to make sure that stock trading takes place without the slightest flaw. Similarities between the NYSE and the NASDAQ The New York Stock Exchange and the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations have a variety of features in c ommon. One notable similarity between the two is that both of them are controlled by the Stock Exchange Commission. This is a commission that safeguards the buyers and sellers of stock from fraud. It also ensures that the two exchanges adhere to the laid down laws and procedures in the sector. The commission not only protects the buyers and sellers but also the two exchanges. It does this by removing or hindering instances of unfair competition caused by either of the exchanges to the other (Blakey 2006). Secondly, both the NYSE and the NASDAQ can be easily accessed by members of the public. This can be done through dealers of the two companies which are always available for customer service. Just like any other company, the two companies are also open for public investment. As a matter of fact, both of them trade their own stocks at the stock exchange markets. Their stock quotes can be found on most stock exchange markets across the United States of America. Differences between the NYSE and the NASDAQ The differences between the NYSE and NASDAQ are more compared to the similarities. First and foremost, the transactions of the NYSE take place in a real physical place in New York City. This is the place where buyers and sellers assemble to buy and sell their stocks. On the other hand, the transactions of the NASDAQ do not take place in a real physical place. All the transactions are carried out through an electronic system. All the buy and sell orders are received and communicated over a telecommunications network. The process involves direct contact between the market makers and the investors.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The second noticeable difference between the NYSE and NASDAQ is the fact that, while the NYSE operates on an auction market, the NASDAQ operates on a dealer market. In NASDAQ trading, there is no contact between the sell er and the buyer. The market makers act as intermediaries between them. They are responsible for matching buying and selling orders. On the contrary, NYSE trading involves typical selling and buying where both the buyers and sellers are present and actively involved in the process. There is actual bidding on the price of the stocks and the highest bidder is matched with the seller who asks for the lowest price. The final difference between the NYSE and the NASDAQ is about the role of those who are in charge of controlling buyer-seller traffic in each exchange. The controller in the NYSE is called the specialist while that in the NASDAQ is called the market maker. While the specialist is charged with the responsibility of matching buyers and sellers, the market maker’s duty is to facilitate the flow of trade by transacting with the sellers and buyers. In other words, the specialist merely controls the buyers and the sellers, but the market maker actually identifies the buyer f or a particular stock and facilitates the transaction. The Public Company Accounting and Investor Protection Act of 2002 This is a federal law of the United States that was passed on July 30, 2002. Its enactment followed cases of fraud and doctored financial records in a number of firms across the nation. The law was enacted at a time when investors and the general public had lost confidence in public firms. This is due to the fact that investors had lost billions of dollars in cases of fraud that affected companies such as WorldCom and Enron. Therefore, the main purpose of the act was to restore the trust that almost everybody had lost in public companies. The act led to the formation of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Committee (PCAOC). This committee assumes the role of auditors and oversees and regulates accounting firms. The committee is also responsible for registering auditors and inspecting their work in order to vet their quality. Moreover, the committee formulates policies and guidelines that regulate the operations of audit firms. The act also establishes a set of standards that advocate for the external independence of auditors. This autonomous operation of audit firms is necessary to avoid jeopardizing the genuine results of the audits. It is required that the audit firm should not have any other relations with the same client that it carries out audit services for. This ensures that the two parties only relate professionally hence leading to the submission of genuine financial records.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on NYSE and NASDAQ specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion In conclusion, the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and the National Association of Security Dealers Automated Quotations (NASDAQ) share a couple of similarities as well as differences. However, the number of differences exceeds the similarities. From the second part of the report, it is evident that The Public Company Accounting and Investor Protection Act of 2002 has regulated accounting activities and financial records in public companies. Reference List Blakey, P. (2006). The efficient market approximation. IEEE Microwave Magazine,7(1), 28–31. Cootner, P. H. (1964). The random character of stock market prices. Cambridge: The MIT Press.

Timed essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Timed - Essay Example As a function of this, the needs and requirements that this particular demographic has with respect to the website they visit are inherently different as compared to needs and requirements that other demographics may have. Due to this fact, it is necessary for website developers to be cognizant of this differential and seek to promote a level of recognition that engages these differences and promotes understanding and development in terms of accessibility issues and improving the web experience for individuals within this particular demographic. As a function of this, the following analysis will seek to provide a brief and summary discussion of some of the tactics they can be utilized and how they would benefit the overall quality of life and web experience of individuals within the aforementioned demographic. It is the hope of this particular author that such a level of discussion will not only be beneficial in encouraging web developers to consider these facets but to employ them w ith respect to websites that are more and more likely to be visited by individuals representing an older demographic. One major consideration that can and should be leveraged has to do with the native platforms that web developers consider with respect to web users that are 65 years of age and older. For instance, web users that are 65 years of age and older tend not to use Android, iOS, and other platforms that are familiar with individuals from different demographic groups (Gencer, 2012). Naturally, this should not dictate that web developers should not be cognizant of the fact that the older demographic may in fact use platforms other than a PC or laptop. Yet, studies with respect to this indicate that web browsing is most commonly conducted via a traditional web browser utilized on a PC computer; at least for this particular demographic group. With this in mind, websites that are specifically focused towards individual within this particular demographic need to

Business decision making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business decision making - Essay Example taff training on principles and techniques of table service, table setting, buffet services, styles of services and other arrangements that even includes enabling their staff to classify characteristics of spirits, wines and beer on their beverages, they have discovered that though customers are satisfied with the service, they do not have loyal clients or clients that go back primarily because they are satisfied with the correct care that they get. Customer service (also know as client service) is the provision of service to customers before, during and after a purchase (Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia). In the case of Rostos Tavern, customer service meant letting the clients recognize the superiority and the high value that they maintain on space and quality including the meticulous details to all their services. In a nutshell what management is doing is proving to the customer that they are indeed first class. However, the likelihood that customer go there out of curiosity only, or merely to find out if this is so, should not be discounted. Or the chance that a repeat customer bringing along some friends is an attestation that these are indeed loyal customers, might be an obscure interpretation because they might just want to substantiate what they tell their friends about the place. Our study is to find out how to make clients come back not primarily because of the ambiance and the meticulous attendance to details (for that is what is expected from any so called first class restaurants), but because they are so attached to it from the satisfaction they get every time they visit the place. This has indeed a very strong influence to customer service supporters, using them to train especially their frontline representative. But, however useful it may serve, service in not just about how an individual representative reacts to an individual customer; it’s about how the company as a whole reacts to its customers (Traci Entel, Sarah Grayson, Nathan Huttner;

A Case Study of Change: Obesity

A Case Study of Change: Obesity Obesity in primary care has become an increasingly common problem. Like any other medical condition overweight and obese patients should have access to appropriate treatment and care using a delicate, understanding and non-judgemental approach. Weight loss in primary care is of interest for the purposes of improving a persons quality of life. During the study the author will explore the prevalence of obesity using the geographical trust region with a population of 158,000 (Office of National Statistics (ONS) 2007) in comparison with the town centre based practice where the author works as a trainee nurse practitioner. The practice has a mixed socioeconomic, predominately (95.53%) White British population of 15, 186 (Annual Public Health Report 2008). Local authority with in which the author works has been ranked as 49th most deprived out of the 354 local authorities in England in 2007 in the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2007 (IMD 2007). Although obesity is increasing at the same rat e in all social classes, the prevalence of obesity is higher in lower socio-economic groups, particularly in women (Henderson and Gregory 2002). The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) developed guidelines on identifying and treating obesity in 2006 following on from the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN 1996), this in turn along with Primary care service Framework 2007 has lead to Health Care Professionals looking at ways to gain the background knowledge, provide and implement a service to deliver integrated obesity management enabling patients to change their eating and activity habits and motivate obese individuals to lose weight, maintain weight lose and increase fitness in accordance with the White paper (2004). It is also thought that additional training in behavioural counselling maybe vital when assessing a patients readiness to accept change (Drummond 2000). Individuals who are not emotionally ready to tackle the issue of lifestyle changes are more likely to fail. Dealing with obesity in the practice setting can be achieved by setting up specific lifestyle clinics dedicated to offering support and advice to patients who wish to lose weight or maintain a healthier lifestyle looking specifically at behaviour change. This clinic can run alongside or in conjunction with existing chronic disease and routine Health check clinics with self referral or healthcare professional referal. By helping the patient look at how unhealthy behaviours can be an element of their lifestyle and daily choices (see table 1) it is possible to suggest ways in which to change in a mutually agreed plan of care. Awareness and knowledge of what change is required and why, are fundamental first steps in enabling change to occur. Motivation is an essential part of nearly everything we do. Regular reviews can provide motivation and change behaviour through incentives and penalties. Personal factors, such as individuals self motivation, drive and desire to improve their appearance and health are also important. Target and objectives can influence how much people want to change but their priorities and commitments may also obstruct their ability to change. Change to clinical practice can only be successful if the reasons for introducing the change are clear, compatible with current practice and ideas and the process is planned carefully in advance (Davis1999). Change theories share common factors. To ascertain behavioural change, according to these theories, patients need the desire to make a change, have the ability to make the change, believe that they will have a better quality of life if they make the change, believe that the change is right for them, and discover how and when to make changes. Obesity management needs an integrated approach involving a multi-disciplinary team of Healthcare Professionals. General Practice is an ideal starting point to influence and initiate management strategies. Healthcare professionals need better training and access to management programmes that include dietary advice, physical activity and behavioural change if they are to initiate the policy effectively. For the programme to succeed the patient needs to be the central component. Obesity does not lend itself to the classical medical model where the condition is diagnosed, treatment prescribed and then the professional responsible for the outcome. It is ultimately the patient who is in control over their decision to proceed and succeed. Weight lose/maintenance is not easy for obese/overweight patients, many of whom have already tried and failed in controlling their weight. It is the role of the primary care team to support and encourage weight management and lifestyle change. In an attem pt to achieve these changes in behaviour management are vital. Eating and physical activity are human behaviours which can be modified even though they are predisposed by a complicated set of factors. If in practice the overweight/obese patient was identified and advised of the fact, they simply wouldnt care. Consultation with the patient and establishing if they recognise they have a weight problem using a sensitive and respectful manner is the first essential step to change. It is then possible to produce a plan of action involving providing information and eliciting the patients views about their weight as well as details about their weight history and any previous attempts at weight loss. The early stages of consultation are about building a rapport with the patient through active listening. Communications skills are essential to implement a behavioural approach effectively (NICE 2007). Professionals should also have the ability to express consideration, build self-belief and provide clear, structured and relevant information. Raising the issue of lifestyle changes can be extremely difficult to talk about as the patient may feel uncomfortable and they may feel responsible. This could have a negative effect on the patient-professional relationship (Drummond 2000). As a professional it can be maintained that we have a duty of care to discuss the importance of a behavioural approach in managing obesity and its practical application in helping overweight patients achieve and maintain behavioural changes. Pearson 2003 suggests that ‘linking weight to a current health concern is often an appropriate way to introduce weight management issues. Advice should be individualised to condition and patient. By providing the patient with the appropriate information to help them make informed decisions about their health behaviour is part of the professional role. By individualising programmes to assist/support patients in changing their lifestyle for good can give them the incentive to lose some weight or prevent further weight gain. There is always the risk at this point that the patient will abandon the change process altogether. Behaviour change theory examines the difference between models of behaviour and theories of change (Darnton 2008). Models of behaviour identify us with specific behaviours, by pointing out the underlying factors which influence them. By contrast, theories of change illustrate behaviour change over time. The theories are complementary to each other; understanding both is essential in order to improve successful advances in behaviour change. Numerous models can be incorporated together to assist in understanding the reasons for our behaviour and how they interrelate but also help us work out the relationships between the reasons to allow us to envisage the behavioural outcomes. Tim Jackson writes ‘models reveal factors where policy can work (Jackson 2005). Models essentially recommend a feature menu for policy makers to choose from making no one model the perfect model but giving the policy maker choice and flexibility to use several different models. Social-psychologist Kurt Lewins Change Theory (1951) involves group work to change habitual behaviours, using an unfreezing, restructure, refreezing guide in which habitual behaviours (attitudes, values and behaviours) are studied by the group and reorganised, before being reintegrated back into everyday routines (Coghlan and Brannick, 2003; Coghlan and Claus, 2005; Lewin, 1951). Lewins work on change has provided the basis for many later advances in change theories (Lewin 1951). Lewins change theory will be the basic model for the proposed change in practice. Lewins early research entailed changing the patterns of diet in America and is therefore particularly relevant to issues, such as obesity, that we face today. Lewin concluded ‘that we are likely to modify our own behaviour when we participate in problem analysis and solution and more likely to carry out decisions we helped to make (Lewin 1951). Unfreezing is a reflective process that involves unlearning without removing own uniqueness and difficult relearning and restructuring of thoughts, awareness, beliefs and way of thinking. In the planning process of change this critical starting point for change can be overlooked. Three pre-conditions simultaneously need to be satisfied for current patterns of behaviour to unfreeze. Firstly ‘disconfirming information which involves disproving a theory. Secondly Lewin (1951) suggested creating ‘guilt or survival anxiety, getting patients to accept behaviour is incorrect but this destructs self-esteem and identity. The third pre-condition was that disconfirming information could also create what he termed ‘learning anxiety. This creates a sense of weakness, a feeling that change cant be initiated due to being unable to learn quickly enough to enable a move into a new situation and adapting inadequately often looks more acceptable than risking failure in the learning pr ocess. Overcoming learning anxiety is probably the hardest and most critical element in unfreezing. Unfreezing is the most significant and complicated part of any change process, and also the most difficult to achieve as self-esteem and identity securely control people. Yet achieving this is not the end but a gateway to the next level Lewins (1951) next stage, ‘restructuring, also had three elements beginning with reorganising thinking. He called this ‘cognitive redefinition and it is at the heart of much of todays ‘systemic thinking (Senge 1990). Albert Einstein quoted ‘the significant problems we have cannot be solved at the same level of thinking with which we created them. It is therefore essential to meet and communicate with others to look at the same problem in different ways. Lewin (1951) then suggested ‘managed learning. ‘Imitation or identification is the simplest way of learning in this situation. Learning by copying those we respect and trust. This process is very evident today in standard setting and peer-based learning. Lewin (1951) suggested learning in this way to be shallow and superficial; seen as an easy alternative in a difficult situation as it is a case of doing what has been advised without really understanding the implications of why it is being done. Kurt Lewin (1951) therefore favoured a different means of learning that he called ‘scanning. This meant seeking alternative sources of information including reading, travel and conversation with people from different backgrounds in order to obtain an accurate understanding of your own situation and adapt accordingly. The problem he saw with peer approaches was that if nobody had research a subject in detail data was incomplete. And if the new behaviour isnt correct for the behaviour and understanding of the learner then it becomes ‘disconfirming. The final element of Lewins model (1951) is ‘refreezing: making things stick. What he found was that working with ‘gatekeepers, collectively, through ‘scanning rather than ‘identification creates change that sticks and becomes eventually refrozen into the new norm. Lewin offers a basis for change within an ever changing environment. Health Belief Model Janz and Becker 1984 was influenced by Kurt Lewins theories (1951) which state that perceptions of reality, rather than objective reality, influence behaviour. For an obese patient to perceive the effects their weight has on their lifestyle they need to be able to admit they have a weight problem. The stages of change model Prochaska and Diclemente 1984 describes change as a process, broken down into a series of stages through which individuals progress, dependent on the degree of interest in the desired outcome of the individual. The concept of change is that the patient considers the consequences of actions for changing behaviour, what their desired outcome is and which results in a contract to make change. Changing habits happens gradually and often people will need to go through stages of the cycle many times before they achieve lasting change. Gottlieb 2004 suggested that the stages of change model conceived that everyone is on a journey of change, beginning with limited knowledge and progressing through numerous stages to achieve change. ‘Societal models are also important to those developing policies and change as often it is necessary to work on the background factors limiting behavioural options directly. Enabling change is not just about changing a persons perception of these material factors (e.g. cost). The Main Determinants of Health model (Dahlgren and Whitehead 1991) needs to be incorporated into obesity management and is a good ‘Societal model. The model shows the individuals behaviour as one element, beneath four other ‘tiers of influencing factors including social and economic factors, cultural factors, environmental factors and also the services that are available locally. Since Lewins field theory (1951), theoretical approaches to change have recommended developing theory through practice. Piloting and evaluation, followed by figuring learning back in, are the final stages in a process of intervention development which can be characterised as learning through doing. Guidance on policy development needs to be clear; however, it must also be flexible to different frameworks. Evaluation of any policy is undoubtedly important. Obesity as we have seen is measured in many different ways. Evaluations should measure change in the intended behaviour among the consultation group, as well as the effect on the key influencing factors. Process evaluation concentrates on how a program is put into practice rather than the outcome. It asks how services are delivered, differences between the intended population and the population served, how programmes are accessed and managed. It aims to provide an explanation of how or why proposed outcomes of the project were (or were not) met. Information from process evaluations can be used to decide future action, looking at whether a program should be abandon and a new plan of action devised , revise the current program (or components of it) to improve delivery, or how best to deliver it. This type of evaluation may also provide understanding about a programmes cultural, socio-political, legal and economic contexts that affect i mplementation Impact evaluation measures overall achievements; it is interested with the direct result of a program when it is finished. It should include a way of measuring unintended effects of a program, as well as the individuals targeted by the programme. Outcome Evaluation measures program goals and is concerned with longer term benefits of the program among the targeted population, and by how much. Monitoring of outcome is useful and necessary to determine whether outcomes were achieved within a specified timescale (Health Promotion, 2002), whereas evaluation attributes the changes observed to the intervention tested The models and theories used to underpin the intervention may then be reassessed in the framework of the target behaviour, and understanding of the behaviour itself assist in progression to the closing phase of the cycle in which learning from the evaluation is fed back into the policy process. As part of the evaluation process, the appropriateness of the behavioural models used in the intervention should be assessed. Evaluation findings should update the development of the intervention itself and future interventions in similar policy areas. Audit is a technique that can be used to monitor then maintain or improve the quality of care and services provided. It is the method used ‘to assess, evaluate and improve the care of patients in a systematic way, to enhance their health and quality of life (Irvine 1991) Structural audits are undertaken in relation to what resources there are available, suitability and access to the clinics, access to continued support either 1:1, self-help, buddying up with others, web based support or group and also the staff available to run the clinic looking at skill mix. Process audits focus on what was done to a patient, where clinical protocols and guidelines followed and did they work in practice. The audit may look at how an individual or the team operate, looking at waiting times from referral, patient recall for review, management plans, record keeping, communication between the patient and staff. Outcome audits relate to the impact of the team or services provided on the patient. This could be achieved through patient satisfaction questionnaires provided at the start of the intervention, part way through and on reaching target. Has there been an impact on their lifestyle and if so was this a positive experience or has it had a negative effect on their lives. Clinical audit gives valuable insight into how effective a service is being provided by systematically collecting and analysing data on current practice. This allows the lifestyle team to become involved in assessing the effectiveness of their interventions. Clinical audit can help identify areas of behaviour and management which meet required standards, identify area which could be improved, promote changes in problem areas, improve quality of patient care, develop Healthcare Professional skills, give direction for the most effective use of resources and evaluating how successfully changes have been implemented. Audit is also an important part of clinical governance, there to encourage the continual monitoring and improvement of healthcare services. When designing an audit many factors need to be considered (see table 2) A fixed date of 6 months would be agreed from the start for the collection of data and interpretation of the results initially but then audit would continue as long as needed to provide information to continue improving the service. Cost effectiveness also needs to be evaluated. Cost-effective analysis compares the cost-benefit ratio for one intervention against an alternative intervention. Benefits maybe expressed as patient-orientated health outcomes such as quality of life. The economic impact of lifestyle change maybe assessed in terms of direct costs, indirect costs and intangible costs. Direct costs arise from the use of health care resources and if the direct cost of providing treatment is lower than the direct cost of illness, the treatment is cost-saving for the health care system. Indirect costs look at the cost of illness to the economy. The broader costs to society and the economy from weight problems already cost the wider economy in the region of  £16 billion, and is set to rise to  £50 billion per year by 2050 if left unchecked (Department of Health 2009). Intangible costs are monetary values attached to the physical or psychological effects of illness, such as joint and back pain, breathlessness, varicose veins and gallbladder problems. Obesity is estimated to cost the National Health Service approximately  £4.2 billion (Department of Health 2009). Simple activities like getting around can be problematic for an obese individual (Drummond 2000). Quality of life for an obese person is thought to be less than optimal and this can lead to psychological problems. Intangible costs of illness maybe compared with the intangible costs of treatment, such as surgery.

Lao Tzu and Machiavelli’s View of “The People”

Azhar A. Sapargaliyeva Professor Hammerbeck Introduction to Critical Issues 18 September 2012 Compare Lao Tzu’s and Machiavelli’s view of â€Å"the people†. How does each author’s conceptualization of â€Å"the people† affect what kind of government they support? Life experience, culture, language, time of living and many other factors affected Lao Tzu’s and Niccolo Machiavelli’s views on how an ideal leader ought to govern a country. These views, expressed in their texts, reflected on how these writers perceived the fellow men. Lao Tzu is a Chinese philosopher and founder of Daoism.He is the author of a philosophical document called â€Å"Tao-te Ching†. Niccolo Machiavelli, is a 15th century aristocrat and a writer, mostly famous for his political treatise, â€Å"The Prince†. This essay will attempt to analyze both authors’ views on human nature and the way these views affected the types of government supported. A s mentioned above different lives of Lao Tzu and Machiavelli influenced their images of human nature. Lao Tzu worked in the court of the ruling dynasty and lived a quite stable and peaceful life in around the 5th century B. C.E. Whereas Machiavelli lived during the time of political turmoil in Italy. He was suspected of conspiring against the royal family and was even tortured for that (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). Thus, these different living conditions led both philosophers to think of â€Å"the people† differently: Lao Tzu had a positive opinion of individuals, which is contrary to that of Machiavelli’s suspicious and cynical image of â€Å"the people†. This is important to analyze because these views in some way determined the way they portrayed an ideal government.Lao Tzu, in his â€Å"Tao-te Ching†, has an optimistic, almost idealistic perception of â€Å"the people†. His proposed attitude for the ruler to have toward citizens resemb les that of parents toward a child. They treat the child with love and care. At the same time they let go of restrictions and rules, so that he/she learns from their own mistakes and grows up to be self-reliant. The â€Å"upbringing† of children can be compared to governing people. Lao Tzu in paradoxical way proposes to stick to the â€Å"practice of not doing† (Jacobus 24) and let the things take their natural course.The author encourages leaders to give â€Å"the people† more freedom and rights: â€Å"I let go of the law and people become honest† (Jacobus 29). He believes in the good in people and in their ability to choose the morally good paths. He says: â€Å"Throw away morality and justice and people will do the right thing† (Jacobus 25). His description of an ideal government resembles a modern day democratic type of government as â€Å"democracy† literally means â€Å"ruled by the people† (Britannica Online Encyclopedia). â₠¬Å"The Prince† reveals an entirely different view of â€Å"the people†.Lao Tzu is mostly concerned with their well being. He advocates politics based on moral considerations while Machiavelli advices the leader not to bother with such things and focus more on practical politics. The latter is a reflection of a pessimistic and cynical view of â€Å"the people†. According to the author they are â€Å"ungrateful, fickle, avoiders of danger and greedy for gain† (Jacobus 46). The very title of the book, and its form as a handbook for the ruler, a single person, hint at support for monarchic type of government.Monarchy is a type of political system in which authority is represented in a single person who exercises supreme power (Britannica Online Encyclopedia). Moreover, strictly speaking, Machiavelli basically says that â€Å"bad† people need a strict ruler, who would be feared. As a matter of fact â€Å"it is better to be feared than loved†, beca use love is temporal, while fear is constant (Jacobus 46). Therefore, his kingship seems more like an autocracy or even dictatorship. Dictators gain despotic power, which they then maintain through the use of intimidation and oppression (Britannica Online Encyclopedia).The advice in these two texts, however, might not be as relevant as handbooks for politicians these days. Practice shows that there have not been many prosperous absolutely democratic governments, which at the same time imposed no laws and restrictions whatsoever; neither have there been many despotic monarchs in power to successfully run a country. The views of â€Å"the people† by both writers represent two extremes, and seem to be unrealistic and in a way paradoxical.Reading and understanding both books, however, is still of significant value, because they represent the literary and historical legacy of political thought and most importantly they disc?lse the tw? particular ways of l?oking at the world. On t he one side â€Å"The Prince† gives an insight of what the w?rld looks like from a dem?ralized and cynical realist’s perspective. On the other hand â€Å"Tao-te Ching† expresses utopian perceptions of an idealist. To sum up Lao Tzu in his â€Å"Thoughts from the Tao-te Ching†, he advocates the â€Å"practice of not doing† as a way to govern people.One of the reasons for that are the author’s high opinion of and a belief in their ability to adopt a morally right behavior. He proposes for things to take their natural course. Therefore, adapted to modern times, the type of government that Lao Tzu supports resembles democracy. Machiavelli, on the contrary, views ‘the people’ as â€Å"simulators and deceivers†. Thus he directs â€Å"the prince† to rule by keeping ‘the people’ in awe. He signals his support for monarchy and, possibly, dictatorship. Works Cited Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Democracy. 15 Se p. 012. Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Dictatorship. 14 Sep. 2012. Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Monarchy. 15 Sep. 2012. Jacobus. Lee A. A World of Ideas. Boston: Bedford / St. Martins, 2010. 925-28. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Niccolo Machavelli. 8 Sep. 2009. 14 Sep. 2012.